| Translated by Leiser, Gary; Dankoff, Robert | The sultan settled along the frontier, in a region later called |
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| Kayqubad was the second son of Sultan , who bestowed upon him at an early age the title and the governorship of the important central Anatolian town of | Most of the emirs, as the powerful landed aristocracy of the sultanate, supported Kaykaus |
Apart from reconstructing towns and fortresses, he built many , , , bridges and hospitals, many of which are preserved to this day.
| The alliance could not be achieved, and afterwards Jalal ad-Din took the important fortress at | He also put down a revolt by the and, although he of capturing their capital, forced the family to renew their pledges of vassalage |
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| At the end of the 13th century, these Turcomans established the | After his victory, he advanced further east, establishing Seljuq rule over , Ahlat and the region of formerly part of Ayyubids |
When the sultan died following the in 1211, both Kayqubad and his elder brother struggled for the throne.
| He expanded the borders of the sultanate at the expense of his neighbors, particularly the and the , and established a Seljuq presence on the Mediterranean with his acquisition of the port of Kalon Oros, later renamed in his honor | In the period following the mid-13th century invasion, inhabitants of Anatolia frequently looked back on his reign as a golden age, while the new rulers of the sought to justify their own authority through pedigrees traced to him |
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| "Thirteenth-Century Rum Seljuq Palaces and Palace Imagery" | Early Mystics in Turkish Literature |
Kayqubad, like the other Seljuq sultans of Rum, was quite well versed in the fine arts and would recite quatrains in Persian during wine drinking parties.