| Professionals in clinical practice should be aware of partner support, engagement with fetal movements, and postnatal depressive symptoms: All these factors offer opportunities for improving the bonding processes | DOI: Since disturbances in the mother-child bond increase the risk of negative consequences for child development, it is important to identify risk and protective factors for bonding as well as longitudinal associations |
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| 1 Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands | The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations |
3 Department of Child and Adolescent studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
28| High maternal educational level was a risk factor for suboptimal prenatal bonding, as were depressive symptoms for suboptimal postnatal bonding | da Rosa KM, et al |
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| A literature update on maternal-fetal attachment | The associations between most prenatal determinants and postnatal bonding were mediated by prenatal bonding, which underlines the importance of promoting prenatal bonding |
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 16, 1-16,• Previous research has used different bonding instruments during pregnancy and the postnatal phase, leading to inconsistent results.